Narrow arch permanent retainers

1. Structure and prescription of orthodontic brackets
2. Orthodontic bands and rings
3. The rules of positioning elements of a narrow arch permanent retainer
4. Rotating orthodontic brackets
5. Cases of specific use of orthodontic brackets
6. Preparation of the tooth surface for bonding the braces, 
   bonding with composite and ceramic covers
7. Repositioning
8. Orthodontic arches – types, properties, application
9. Additional elements
10. Orthodontic instruments

1. Phase one of orthodontic treatment with permanent retainers 
   - Alignment,
   - Non-extraction cases, 
   - Stripping, 
   - Extraction cases, 
   - Asymmetric crowding, 
   - Correction of cross-bite 
   -  Individual front teeth in cross-bite, transverse expansion of the
   mandible by splitting the mid-palatal suture, correction of the dental
   lateral cross-bite 
   -  Impacted and unerupted teeth 
   - Closing the diastema 
   - Levelling – absolute intrusion, relative intrusion, extrusio

1.  

2. Phase two of orthodontic treatment with permanent retainers

-  Improvement of relative positioning of the molars 

- Modification of growth in adolescents in treatment class 2,  
application of flexible inter-arch elastics 2,

-Distalisation of upper molars,  
-  Differentiated anterior-posterior movement using post-extraction gaps 
- Closing of post-extraction gaps
- Minimum, medium, and maximum retraction of the incisors,
- Obstacles in closing gaps 
- Resorption of the roots in effect of orthodontic treatment

1. Flexible, metal, and Kobayashi ligatures
2. Octal bondings
3. Open and closed-coils
4. Distal bendings
5. Elastic power chains
6. Buttons
7. Intermaxillary tractions

1. Phase three of orthodontic treatment with permanent retainers
   - Determining the position of individual teeth
   - Parallelism of the roots
   - Root torque
   - Correction of incisor occlusion
   - Midline misalignment
   - Disproportion of tooth sizes
   - Final tooth alignment
   Removing narrow-arch permanent retainers
   Retention following orthodontic treatment

2. Zdejmowanie aparatów stałych cienkołukowych

3. Retencja po leczeniu ortodontycznym

1. Inset, offset, step bends
2. Tip back and sweep bends
3. Torque bends
4. Placing the permanent retainer